Emerging nanophotonic biosensor technologies for virus detection

Abstract Highly infectious viral diseases are a serious threat to mankind as they can spread rapidly among the community, possibly even leading loss of many lives. Early diagnosis disease not only increases chance quick recovery, but also helps prevent infections. There is thus an urgent need for accurate, ultrasensitive, rapid, and affordable diagnostic techniques test large volumes population track thereby control diseases, evidenced during COVID-19 other pandemics. This review paper critically comprehensively reviews various emerging nanophotonic biosensor mechanisms technologies virus detection, with particular focus on detection SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. The photonic biosensing that we have focused include: (a) plasmonic field enhancement via localized surface plasmon resonances, (b) enhanced Raman scattering, (c) nano-Fourier transform infrared (nano-FTIR) near-field spectroscopy, (d) fiber Bragg gratings, (e) microresonators (whispering gallery modes), emphasis impact nanomaterials two-dimensional materials in these sensing technologies. discusses several quantitative issues related optical transduction techniques, notably factors affect limit (LoD), sensitivity, specificity, response times above detection. We analyze future prospects cost-effective, lab-on-a-chip solutions promise ultrahigh sensitivities, rapid speeds, mass manufacturability.